Beyond The Human Essay Example for Free

Beyond The Human EssayNature is benevolent. It whitethorn condone one mistake of the human being. It may accommodate him in his yet another folly. But when the human beings continue with the deliberate, malicious and intentional negative activities to destroy Nature, Nature will hit suffer with tremendous vigor, for it has to recoup its original, natural health. Man is not the creature of Nature. Rather he is the product of the divine creative force that sustains the world. This novel by Atwood is ghastly and depressing and the contents therein, if it were to become true, do not augur well for the wellbeing of military man. This book can be categorized as Science manufacture or speculative fiction, but as one goes through the contents, it reads like predictions that will come true. There is a method in the imaginative narrations which overhaul the borders or truth. At the end of each chapter, the reader is compel lead to nod his head and say-yes, this can happen How then to make this Planet Earth heaven-like? The answer is round-eyed and direct. Eyes full of understanding, heart full of love and deep respect for the laws of Nature and the life that refuses conflictsenough, these alone are enoughTwo main themes control the book, Oryx and Crake. The novel relates to the distant future, the global warning has taken its toll, it has created many another(prenominal) changes to the geography of Earth, that the coastal cities do not exist, and the name of spic-and-span York is New New York. Umbrellas wont do to go outside in the sun one invites certain death. The wealthier areas of the world still dominate, well-protected under places k instantaneouslyn as compounds and areas known as The Pleebands still exist. People live the normal life here, and understand Nature and its glory better.They know the real worth of Gods gifts to domain. The plot of the book has three telephone exchange characters. The narrator, Snowman, formerly known as Jimmy, is the o nly surviving human being on this Planet Earth. The sad beginning of the novel describes this terminally ill Snowman, sleeping in a tree. Food is in short supply the sun is so hot that the Snowman has blisters on his body. The genetically engineered beings wolvogs and the pigoos that set out managed to escape are now roaming the grounds, with no human beings to control them.At this stage, Atwood makes the reader ponder, as to what a sad pass the human race has arrived and the responsibility rests squarely on the shoulders of the captains who led the human race. The role of the scientists becomes suspect here. No doubt, they obey the orders of the politicians and do research on weapons of more and more and destruction. When questioned, their reply is that they have no responsibility for its use. Atwood provides the imperative form advice to those who govern the affairs of humanity that if proper review is not soree in time, even the desperate remedies will not be able to deflect the forthcoming desperate situations.The important question is not who is responsible but what will happen to the Planet Earth, when such irreversible grim situations confront humanityin this particular story, the humanity itself is extinct so who is there to tell the story and also listen to the story To what a calamitous situation this mad craze for unending research has brought the human race, the so-called crown of creation How the human beings are unable to know the real source of happiness? rightful(a) happiness is not in reading more and more books, creating innovative materialistic objects.The products of mind related thinking can never be the persistent source of happiness. To achieve the state of bliss, an various(prenominal) has to cross the barrier of mind, rather transcend it. Now the only surviving human being the Snowman, has the added responsibility of flavor after a group of humanoid creatures named the Crackers. His best friend Crake invented them and created s uch class of people. They are supposed to be ideal human beings. If only the individual who created such human being were to know the exact nature of ideal human beings Crakers are strange creatures, with no emotions, no desires, and no sex drive.They adept procreate, as matter of reflex action. They are without any motivation. The concept of war is not known to these creatures, and this aspect seems to be the only good point close to them. Being strict vegetarians, they have no desire for meat. They are simple people, but the meaning of their simplicity is not amenable to human reason. The question is, why for these Crakers were created at all? An important conclusion is the mind-less craze for research must(prenominal) stop. How to stop it and where to stop it, should be the engross of the leadership of the humanity.A popular objection to halt the undesirable and unhealthy growth of research that affects the human life must be on the top of the agenda. This aspect of research can be illustrated with an example. An over the counter medication for diabetes claimsthe cure for diabetes is guaranteed with this medicine. But the side effects reported are, hypertension, night-blindness, hair fall, palpitation of the heart, with possible heart attack, high blood pressure, blisters etcetera Further research is in progress as to how to avoid these side-effects.Is it not prudent to own the original disease, instead of extending a cordial invitation to so many side effects? So, this much about the world of research related to the medical world. So, the important question is why the world ended and why should it have ended thus. Due to the follies of the miniscule of minority of human beings, the majority had to face the ultimate disastertotal extinction Atwood elucidates this aspect convincingly and indicates her deep concern for the real happiness of human beings, which is an attainable reality provided right type of efforts are made.Conclusion One must read this book one must re-read and ponder over the contents. The points mentioned in the book are logical and the conclusions are frightening. Just remember the atomic blasts done over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. That was the time when the research on atomic weapons was still in its infancy. What if some mad political authority should initiate triggering the push-buttons of these silent demons? There wont be a Snowman to collect the ashes of humanity perhaps Does the humanity deserve this? peradventure not Are we taking action and thinking strongly to avert such a situation?Perhaps not Then who is to blame? Perhaps ourselves The science-community, especially the bio-engineering division, is taken to task by Atwood and her deep suspicions about the craze of unending research are abruptly right. So, the scientists you may cross the moon and beat the stars but probe and research you must the mysteries of a happy human heart ************************** References Cited Atwood, Margaret (Author) Bo ok Oryx and Crake. softback book 376 pages Publisher Anchor (March 30, 2004) Language English ISBN-10 0385721676 ISBN-13 978-0385721677

An Analysis Of Liszt Sonata

An Analysis Of Liszt SonataThis essay abrasions from the background of Piano Sonata in B kidskin. It because focuses on the importance of this tap in romantic period. I will die the grammatical construction of this sonata, comp ar few scholars summary and discuss how the technique of thematic use in the piece.Liszt compreh conclusioned Beethovens music. He looked upon Beethovens piano sonatas as models. He was influenced by Beethoven a lot. The sonatas development from hold backoque, classical to romantic period, approached the peak in the beginning of nineteenth century. Liszts Sonata in B boor leads a re altogethery important role. There are tons of arguments for this piece in the sonata literatures. The content and musical complex body part both are the topics of which are considered to continue the heritage of music in the past and usher in the future.Liszt had composed three solo piano sonata in 1825, however these pieces were unpublished and now are lost. The unacc ompanied piano sonata now exist is Sonata in B minor. Liszt had the conception of this piece from 1851, until 1853 he completed this sonata. The sonata number 1 publicly per figure of speeched by Liszts pupil, Hans von Blow on January 27, 1857 in Berlin. It has been beginning published in the spring of 1854 with a dedication to Schumann. Liszt said in a letter that this was his content of expressing appreciation for Schumann s having dedicated to him the Fantasy op.17 in C (1838).As a musician anxious to avoid pull inulaic composition, Liszt surely would have been mirthful at the amount of scholarly bickering eng balanceered by the Sonata in B minor. We discover from Winklhofer, for instance, that for more(prenominal) than a century after its composition, the formal architecture of Liszts sonata has eluded convert commentary- until her own, of course m and so much for Newman, Longyear and the rest. Presumably until then all convincing performances of the Sonata, and the copies by Reubke and Liapunov, were achieved by serendipity. Hamilton, K. (1996) Liszt Sonata in B Minor P.28Some of the analytical arguments over the form of the Sonata are largely discussed. The analysis of W. S. Newman has been most influential, He proposed a new idea double-function form, which means a structure that can be considered both as oneness continuous achievement and simultaneously as a composite of the drives of a multi-movement work. In other words, the Sonata, though in one movement, presents elements of a first movement- slow movement- scherzo- finale structure. Newman was the first to illustrate this double-function view. Since in both views a multi movement structural mold predominated over that of a sonata form in one movement, the problem of large scale structure became a clouded issue. Whatever their differences, Newman, Longyear and Winklhofer are at least agreed with one acme that the sonata is non a programmatic work, and that as a result analysis of it can only proceed on purely musical terms. Liszt himself never dropped the slightest hint that the Sonata had a programme, provided this is no problem, as several writers have been kind enough to supply one for him.The Structure of the Sonata in B minor According to William NewmanDouble-function analysis (Four movements in one) archetypical movement of a sonata rendering leave offricade 1-330 development stave off 331-525recapitulation bar 525-681 coda bar 682-760Four movements sonataFirst movement bar 1-330 slow movement bar 331-459scherzo bar 460-524 finale bar 525-681coda bar 682-760 fast Andante Fugato Allegro CodaIncomplete SonatinaABAScherzandopsychogenic fugue codaIncomplete SonatinaCodaExposition schoolingRecapitulationCodaThe Structure of the Sonata in B minor According to Rey LongyearDouble-function analysis (Three movements in one)First movement of a sonataintroduction bar 1-7 exposition bar 8- 178development bar 179-459 recapitulation bar 460-649coda bar 650-760Three mov ements sonataFirst movement bar 1-330 Slow movement bar 331-459finale bar 460-760Allegro Andante Fugato CodaFirst movementSlow movementABFinaleScherzando CodaExpositionDevelopmentRecapitulationThe Structure of the Sonata in B minor According to WinklhoferOne-movement sonata form analysisFirst movement of a sonataexposition bar 1 -204 development bar 205-452recapitulation bar 453-649 coda bar 650-760Newman seems to sense that the double-function theory weakens under scrutiny. He warns twice of the danger of qualification Procrustean beds out of such classifications. The consequences of applying a rigid formal scheme upon a piece never born upon such terrain are dismissed as compromises which Liszt byword as necessary to retain the double-function dynamic. Nevertheless, this analysis is the most influential to reckon thus far.Rey Longyear also describes the work as a series of distinct movements, which unify for a large sonata form. He finds three movements (First Movement, Slow Movement and Finale) in place of Newmans four, but provides no justification for these designations. Winklhofer, S. (1978)Liszts Sonata in B Minor. P.120In my opinion, I analyze this sonata B minor in three movements (First Movement, Slow Movement and Coda) and combine a large sonata form. I will discuss why and analyze the structure in my essay.First mvt. Second mvt. Third mvt. codasectionExpositionDevelopmentRecapitulationCodalocationmm.1-330mm.331-459mm.460-710mm711-760tempoLento/AllegroAndanteAllegro-PrestissimoAndante depictUnstable (G minor- B minor)B minor- D studyF sharp study-A major-F sharp majorB humdrum minor-B minor-B majorB major author( antecedent)AA1mm.1Dmm.331A2-A3mm.460Dmm.711Cmm.349Cmm.718A2mm.8Bmm.363A2-A3mm.533A2-A3-A1mm.729A3mm.14Dmm.393Bmm.105Cmm.433Bmm.600Cmm.153A1mm.453Section one ExpositionWe can see section one as an exposition of the sonata form. From beginning to mm.17 is theme A, Liszt uses the variety of theme A in the whole piece. A1, A2, A3 motiv e lead the development of whole piece. William Stein Newman thought motive A is the important link which starts and ends every divergent section in the whole piece.More noticeable here than the attractive character of these ideas is the effect on large-hearted. The Sonata in B minor does not start in B minor, nor is any other key stably established. The first seven debar (mm.1-7) is a brisk centre of G as a beginning. The focus on G in motive A1 then serves as a point of common contact to the start of A2. In theme A, in that respect are lots A sharp which is tether tone of B minor, can not resolve to B minor because of vague tone( illustration 1 mm.1-17). agent A1 begins with lento assai and sotto voce, consists of descending scales suggesting either G minor or C minor, with continuously alterations. The second motive A2 is characterized by its contour, which outlines a diminished seventh, and by its robust, constel latterly rhythms. This motive A2 also begins on G, but impl ies B minor, ending on A sharp. We may expect the brisk followed by this leading tone. Instantly the trine motive (A3) is presented, a striking upbeat contour, starting on B minor but leaving with a diminished seventh on the leading tone to G at m.17. (see Example 1)Example 1 mm.1-17.PNGLiszt expresses his thematic presentation with fermatas on the rests at m.17 in the end. What follows is a brief section of transition. Those sequences all start on diminished seventh. This harmonic is really unstable, proceeds in chromatically ascending sequences, and presents a disagreement of motive A2 at m.25. Although the E monotonous major chord in mm.24-25 marks the peak of the chromatic rise which began in m.18, it is the result of a illusive cadential move. The dominant seventh on B at bar 24 which prepares E minor rather than E flat major. Liszt avoids affirmation of a key here again. (see example 2)Example 2 m.18-312.PNGHe want a breathtaking arrival on F sharp in m.30, that why he cho se the A2 motive for mm.25-29, and why the resolution is postponed , is explained by the first full meter of this Sonata, finally appeared at bar 30-31. At m.31, Liszt delays the G as an appoggiatura to F sharp, the dominant of B. The entire element from mm.1-32 is an expended harmonic move from G at the beginning, to a implication of B minor (m.13), and the F sharp in m.30, and finally to B minor (m.32). The result is an spectacular cadential emanation VI-i-V-I.mm1-79-1314-1618-2222-2425-3030-3132b viiV/ivIVV7 iLiszt uses only 2 motivic elements, derived from A2 and A3. Regular two bar phrases predominate. The harmonic rhythm has become slow and even, despite the speed of execution in performance, and the marking sempre forte ed agitato. Finally, he uses the subdominant to confirm B minor (Example 3. mm.32-44).Example 3. mm.32-44Beginning with bar 45, following the tonal presentation of B minor, we can see four sections of transitional natural. The first section (bar 45-54) co ntains of A2 fragments appearing in sequence second (bar 55-66) and third (bar67-81) sections use motive A2 in the famous passage of octaves, and the fourth (bar 81-104) changes back to A1.At bar 105 first appear new theme B, and the key changes to D major.(Example 4) Theme B comes from Crux fidelis of plain chant. Here it is enough to draw attention to the imaginative phrase structure of this melody-two two- bar units then one five-bar phrase. The harmonic stability of the Grandioso theme in the Sonata is conspicuous by comparison with that of the exposition explored thus far. B minor had been bleached because of its delayed presentation and the use of subdominant rather than dominant confirmation. Although bar 105-119 is prepared for by strong cadential motion, which creates the expectation of an impending tonal plateau firmly seat in the secondary key, this is not in fact what occurs. The stability of D major is only momentary.Example 4The motive of A2 moves into F major and t hen D minor at bar 133-134. The section is static rather than dynamic in the sense of polarized tonal moves Liszt moves to colorful harmonic areas related to D major. There is an extend of A2 at the section of dolce con grazia at bar 125, the value of note is expanded at right hand.At bar 141-152 , A3 reappears and serves two purposes First is to provide closure to the tonal deflection, second is to allow a transitional phrase introducing the last structural division of the exposition. The section (bar 153-204) offers a masterful transformation, theme C. Theme C appears at bar 153, this theme C has triggered a heated debate. Lots of scholars thought theme C is variation of A3, so it is not a new theme. However, the atmosphere is totally different, so it can be independent. The aggressive character of the original has become lyrical by means of rhythmic augmentation, a triplet accompaniment, and a new harmonization.At bar 171, the triplet transformed to upper voice, the motive A2 app eared indistinctly on bring down voice at bar 179. Liszt reinforced motive A2 by octave chords at bar 205 and 221. causative A3 appeared from bar 255, the tempo become agitated, from scale to octave parallel.After bar 277, motive A1 developed from bar 275-286, and followed by motive A2. The key modulated dramatically to C sharp minor at bar 297 and theme B appeared.Bar 275-281Bar 294-302The end of exposition mainly based on motive A3, some motive A2 modulated to E minor which integrate with A3. The scorn voice continued repeating motive A3, and motive A2, the value of note is expanded at the upper voice.Section 2 DevelopmentThe Andante starts roughly with a new Theme D at bar 331(example 5). A chorale which unfolds in tonal ambiguity as a parallel to the opening of the sonata at bar 1-7. Once again the structural seam is blurred, here by introducing the first chord of the Andante three bars early, then sustaining it until the changes of key, meter and tempo are accomplished silent ly at bar 331. Tempo is from Andante sostenuto to Quasi Adagio at bar 347, the key modulates to A major and theme C appears at bar 349. Theme B appears at bar 363 as F sharp major and modulates to g minor reappears again at bar 376. This is the only time theme B shows as minor (example 6). After the contrast between upper and lower voice, theme D which only showed twice in development now reaches a climax in development section (example 7). There are lots of diminished seventh and semitone after the climax.The Andante maintains the basic sonata characteristics. A secondary key area in the lowered mediant is presented after the opening pop music statement in F sharp following two modulatory sections, both the chorale and the secondary material return for reinterpretation in F sharp. Like the first presentation of the chorale, the recapitulation at mm.393ff. likewise makes a gradual approach to the tonic. F sharp is confirmed throughout the remainder of the slow movement, particularl y in an attenuated dominant progression at mm. 415-33. Winklhofer, S. (1978)Liszts Sonata in B Minor. P.158From bar 454, motive A1 becomes a bridge which connects development and recapitulation and at bar 460 Liszt utilise the term G flat instead of F sharp (enharmonic equivalent) for the changes of the key, which is from F sharp major to B flat minor (example 8).Example 5Example 6Example 7Example 8Section 3 RecapitulationIn the Classical Style, Charles Rosen discusses one fixed rule of sonata recapitulation material originally exposed in the dominant or dominant substitute must be represented in the tonic fairly completely, even if rewritten and reorderedThis is , of course, not a rule at all but a sensitivity to tonal relationships. Liszt conforms to this requirement. After the reinterpretation of secondary key area in the exposition in B major as a muted point of arrival, he omits the tonal deflection and its transitional tail, the bar 153-178 from the exposition are then restat ed in the tonic (mm.616-614) after m.644, motive A2 modulates, as did the original passage in the exposition. Winklhofer, S. (1978)Liszts Sonata in B Minor. P.154Why did I choose the fugue section (from bar 460) as a beginning of recapitulation?The structure in section 3 is similar to section 1, and the motives are symmetrical. This is why I choose the fugue section as a beginning of recapitulation. The reason why there is no motive A1 in the beginning, it is because motive A1 have already appeared at the end of development (bar 453-459, example 8), so the recapitulation starts with motive A2 and A3 (example 9).example 9The fugues counterpoint gradually transforms itself in masterly fashion into a more same texture, a process initiated by the combination of A2, articulated in chords, with A3 (bar502-508). A middle voice, also sounding A3, produces a stretto between the two lower parts. Motive A2 chords take on a more agitated dotted rhythm while the left hand forsakes A3 to take up A2- but in eversion at bar 509. At bar 554 the chromatic flux that introduced the B flat major to G minor to E flat major sequences of motive A2 takes a new turn. Liszt landed on a chord of E flat again, but without the sequence. The chord of E fat accompanies theme A1 (bars 555-560) to develop, however, serves to affirm the tonic of B rather than move away from it. The E flat chord maintains its first inversion bass of G, but upper voices move on to B and E nature, and theme A1 is repeated again. The G bass turns to F sharp, the dominant of B, and motive A2 and A1 alternate in different registers of piano. The variant of shapes taken by these two motives can stop the inevitable pull to B, its dominant pedal attached in the bass. At bar 673 we hear them A2 in the same position again, but marked Presto with its initial G immediately contradicted by G sharp, simultaneously the beginning of the coda and a reworking of the false recapitulation, now transformed in the original key. Mot ive A1 increases in momentum to open the doors for a Prestissimo variation of motive A2 and arrive in B major with fff. After context the entire keyboard ringing with the dominant seventh of B, suddenly breaks off. A silence introduces a recall of the Andante sostenuto in the tonic, its final cadence strangely off-and-on(a) (bar 728-729). The bass note has landed on B, nut the upper parts presents the diminished seventh chord of motive A2, the harmony that prepared the way for the Andantes first appearance (bar 328-330). The Andante recall seems to be going into reverse as the bass intones the sinister chatter of motive A3 on B. A weak cadence on a chord of B major is darkened twice by a reminder of the dissonant G with which the Sonata began. The final chord progression at bar 754-760 is probably the most remarkable of its type in the piano literature of the entire nineteenth century. A minor and F major are bravely posed for a coloristic approach to B major by thirds. The six fou r inversion of B major offers an accurate arrangement, the sonority is like bell-ringing, and the rhythm is disoriented. This unstable chord fulfills the function of closure normally supplied by a triad in root position. The root of this B major chord is then repeated in the bass as an unexpected point, just like a punctuation of full stop at the end (example 10).Example 10In summarizing the relationship between content and form in the Sonata, the evidence of Liszts conscious control is overwhelming. The Sonata exhibits the same sensitive balancing of tonal and thematic elements for which Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are recognized. The underlying differences issue from the change in the basic chord grammar. Weakening the tonic areas in a sonata form was only one structural manifestation of contemporary attitudes toward form, The expressivity of the sonata procedure had taken on a new dimension. Winklhofer, S. (1978)Liszts Sonata in B Minor. P.164How do the great pianists think vir tually the structure?The great pianist , Alfred Brendel and Claudio Arrau, they think this sonata is one movement structure. From Alfred Brendels Book Music Sounded Out Alfred Brendel thought this piece as one movement structure including five sections. Claudio Arrau thought this sonata contains six sections. In Joseph Horowitzs Book Conversations with Arrau Arrau said that the mastery of construction sets this sonata apart. In its time such free form in a sonata was completely unknown.How does analysis affect performance?What effect should musics structure have on the way in which music is performed? In particular, how should the results of analysis be conveyed to the attender? One familiar response- at least, the one I have heard most often- asserts that analysis is useful because, knowing what a piece of music contains in terms of structure, the performer can proceed to bring it out.-Rink,J. (1995)The Practice of PerformanceIn Alfred Brendels books Schunabel always encouraged st udents to find out as much as possible about the structure, harmonies, motivic technique, used in each score. But there is no basis for interpretation in most of this.To begin the study of a new work by analyzing its form, in school-term paper fashion, is more harmful than helpfulTrue analysis is but a clarification and intensification of musical sensitivity, an superfluous push in the right direction as established by musical instinct. Like Schnabel, I feel that few analytic insights have a direct bearing on performance, and that analysis should be the outcome of an intimate familiarity with the piece rather than an input of established concepts.A more convincing explanation for the genesis of the Sonata appears in an examination of Liszts corpus of one-movement instrumental works from the early fifties. As he discovered unusual formal procedures in the symphonic poems, for example, it seems more likely that he decided to experiment similarly in piano compositions. This hints that solutions to specific structural problems flooded into ideas for the content and architecture of the Sonata. The inspirational source was therefore an internal one, within Liszts own imagination, and related to his current orchestral projects.Liszts perceptive of the classical style, and his acknowledge recognition of a linking Beethovens treatment of form in the late works, and his own in the fifties, is worth examining. His intellectual approach to formal theory suggests an undiscovered avenue for understanding the basic technique of the Sonata. Liszt implemented structural principles competent from the classical style should prove that the B minor Sonata was bound to tradition more securely than is commonly considered, and that his accomplishment of balance between traditional form and inspirational consent was in fact approached at skillfully.

The 2012 Us Presidential Election Politics Essay

The 2012 Us Presidential choice Politics EssayWith the 2012 United States chairial elections over, President Obama won a help circumstance in office defeating republican rival Governor Romney. The President won 332 electoral pick prohibiteds while the Governor won 206 (Huffington Post). This report will facial gesture at why the election results occurred as they did. The key discussion will revolve on subjective grounds that take on a candidate centric approach as to why the votes fell as they did based on the candidates demeanours and their ability to appeal to voters through integrity, sincerity and leading skills (Pika and Maltese 150). This election was precise centrally focused on repairing the economic system. In August 2012, a Gallup poll showed that Obama was receiving a 60% disapproval rating regarding the economy. resembling polls were conducted by different outlets that showed similar results (LoGiurato). With this disapproval, Governor Romney felt that runn ing on an anti-Obamas economy platform would coax him votes. His strategy included criticizing Obamas handling of the economy and devising himself appear as the better candidate for the handling of a fragmenting economy afterward Obama had four years to prove that he could mend it after the large deficit left by the Bush Administration (Gabriel). How ever, voters were incredibly suspicious of Romney. Despite his plea for votes based on a fragmenting economy, there were other factors that do him appear untrustworthy and unrelatable in the eyes of American voters, specifically the middle class and nonage groups. This includes shifting positions, constant gaffes that do voters question Romneys sincerity and a new and unprecedented GOP extremism that reflected poorly on the Governor (Weisberg). These factors all weighed against Romney and do Obama appear as the safer choice despite economy disapproval. In Americas past, superjacent hot seats illogical the election because of po or economic performance (Carter, Bush Sr.) (Abramson et al. 177). Although sight were looking for economic and job change (Jones), they did non feel that Romney was a swear and reliable candidate. American voters felt safer with Obama as the president.Before discussing why Romney disjointed the 2012 election, it is also relevant to discuss factors as to why Obama won a help term in the 2012 election. In 2008, Obama won 365 electoral votes (Mayhew 200). Although the votes were less for the 2012 election, his victory then managed to carry on to another successful term, with similar demographics voting for the president again. These demographics include African Americans, Hispanics, women and jejuneness (Abramson 118). These are also the same groups that were least likely to vote for Governor Romney which will be discussed later on. These groups whitethorn not have entirely cleard of Obamas record but did not feel that Romney was a better choice. The President won over 90% of th e disastrous vote in two the 2008 (ibid.) and 2012 election. History shows that most African Americans vote Democratic in elections however Romney appeared particularly unpopular amongst this group, more so than former Republican candidates like John McCain and George W. Bush. This may be due to the recent accusations of racism seen in the GOP. These accusations may be based on possibly racist narratives that Republicans made throughout the election (Rosenberg). Such accusations are based on incidents like Republicans implying that the President was born in Kenya, Romneys Welfare Ad that appeared to attack poor black people and the proposal of voter ID laws that would require voters to show ID with an address on it, like a drivers licence. The Brennan Centre for Justice noted that African Americans have drivers licenses at half the rate of whites. This would make it easy to trounce African Americans from voting, likely for Obama (ibid). In fact, after the election was over, form er and current Florida GOP leaders admitted that the voter ID laws were meant to suppress black voters from voting for the Democrats (Palm Beach Post).Obama also captured or so 70% of the Hispanic vote, nationwide. Two key issues that were important to Hispanics appeared to be the economy and immigration. Many did not approve of Obamas record on either but felt he was the safer choice. With regards to immigration, Obama deported a record number of ineligible immigrants during his term (Preston). However, he also implemented DACA and vowed to hold on to support the DREAM Act, both acts would provide amnesty for young illicit immigrants in school or in the military. The impreMedia and Latino Decisions polls showed that 60% of Hispanic-Obama supporters knew an illegal immigrant and felt Obama was the better choice for their road to legality (Foley). Romney appeared to be bad button-down towards the issue of illegal immigration during the Primaries. His statement regarding self de portation for illegal immigrants is some matter that tarnished his attempted image as an immigrant-friendly candidate along with vo lucreg to veto the DREAM Act (ibid.). Although he tried to move away from the self deportation statement once he secured the nomination, it was not forgotten by both voters and the President (ex. Obama referenced this during the second presidential debate when a question was raised about illegal immigration reform) (Boroff and Planas). Hispanics cite this as a reason for why they did not vote for the Governor.Another group that Obama overwhelmingly won over were women. Obama was passing popular amongst this group, as he was seen as the pro-woman candidate. Romney was seen as being out of touch with women which made women back Obama even more. Romneys was anti-abortion, vowed to overturn hard roe v. Wade and aforethought(ip) to cut insurance coverage to cont huntption (Brokes). Obama also spent time discussing equal devote for women and signed the Lil ly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act in 2009 (White provide Blog), an Act that Romneys running mate Paul Ryan rejected which may have also contributed to the lost womens vote. Governor Romney tried to appear as the pro-woman candidate during the second presidential debate by sharing an anecdote about the lack of women working in his cabinet in Massachusetts (despite that the question was regarding equal pay for women) and stating that he would not deny access to contraceptives for women (ABC untesteds). These statements did not help the Governor gain much momentum as many pro-women groups, like We Are cleaning lady and Planned Parenthood (WAW) were already latched onto re-electing Obama.The last demographic to add momentum to Obamas presidential victory were spring chicken. This was a key demographic in helping Obama gain his first term and it helped again. Obamas celebrity status may have helped with this group particularly because Obama was endorsed by many liberal Hollywood icons that y outh may be familiar with and may be swayed by their opinion such as singers and actors. Obamas appearance in pop culture, like magazines and talk shows, made him popular amongst youth who truism him as a charismatic, young and cool Democrat who promised change and fresh ideas post-Bush (Pika and Maltese 189). Obamas ability to communicate and relate with youth garnered him votes in both elections and this ability to entice an audience, like a room full of college students, was seen as Obamas biggest asset (ibid). Romneys commitment to creating more jobs is what may have gained him some popularity amongst youth who would be looking for jobs when they finish school but it was not enough to pull ahead of Obamas own promise of job creation, to keep student loan intimacy rates low and his ability to captivate an audience with the same factors as he did in 2008 (ABC News).It is also important to cite Obamas achievements during his term for why he won a second term in the office. Some o f Obamas biggest achievements include the following signing the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, bailing out the auto industry, sending out the order to kill Bin Laden, ended the war in Iraq, passing health care reform and passing the Stimulus (Glastris et al.). While many people felt Obama was merely the better choice over Romney, Obamas achievements are also credited for reasons he won a second term in office.Romneys lost Presidential bid can be partially blamed on his inconsistencies and liberty chit flops. When Romney was running for the Republican candidacy during the Primaries, he had to claim to be severely Conservative despite being a moderate governor in Massachusetts (Fahrenthold). This ability to appear severely Conservative won him the GOP nomination amongst a growing right wing extremism within the GOP (will be discussed later) but did not make him popular amongst the general voting population. Romney attempted to redefine himself as a moderate in order to please the gene ral audience. However, in front of the GOP he would revert back to being very right wing on social and economic policies. Despite his attempts to move to the centre, especially during the debates, Obama and social media made this extremely heavy. Obama ran many ads that challenged Romneys flip flopping (ex. Romnesia speech) and a growing usage of social media made it difficult for people to entomb Romneys changing positions. What would have otherwise been yesterdays news usually became a viral topic on the internet for weeks. Such flip flops that may have hurt Romneys image thus costing him the election include the following including abortion legislation in his agenda (vowed to repeal Roe v. Wade and de-fund Planned Parenthood) but stated in a key swing state, Iowa, that theres no legislation with regards to abortion that Im familiar with that would become part of my agenda. He also changed positions on health care (from the time he was Governor to his run for president) (NY Time s), and changed positions on immigration reform, support for gun control laws and his secretive appraise plans from when he was running for the Republican nomination to when he was running for the President in order to appear more moderate (Westen). However, because people did not forget his statements, mostly due to the easy ability to circulate and find information on the internet, Romney appeared to be extremely insincere in his statements. These inconsistencies made it difficult for Americans to assure who Romney truly was thus he was seen as highly untrustworthy and Americans feared of what he would actually do if he got into office (NY Times).Similar to the reasoning above regarding Romneys loss, his conjure was full of gaffes that weakened his image as a potential president and made it difficult for Americans to relate to him and imagine him as a sincere and relatable president (ibid). Citizens saw Romney as a rich business man who was mostly concerned about the wealthiest 1% of the population and who did not seem interested in the rest of the population. Political strategist pile Carville explains that Romneys gaffes were most damaging to him because they confirmed who people thought he was (Dickinson) He goes on to explain that this is the worst thing that can happen to a politician, to confirm negative popular beliefs about that politician thus hurting their image (ibid.). One gaffe that confirmed peoples potentially negative beliefs about Romney was the 47% comment made in front of private donors. Romney essentially ruled out 47% of the voting population as potential voters and appeared apathetic towards their needs because he claimed that they were dependent on government and their services, something Romney did not support (ibid.). He felt that they would vote for Obama because he was seen as the president who supported dependency, according to Romney, thus did not feel he had to cater to them (Rosenberg). This comment, like his flip flops, we nt viral on the internet thus making it difficult for people to forget the statement. Like Carville explained, it confirmed peoples belief that Romney was unrelatable and apathetic towards the middle class (Dickinson) therefore gaining more momentum for Obama, a candidate that people saw as more sincere and relatable than Romney. Obamas ability to charm and captivate an audience helped him win the presidential term again. Romneys apathy and insincere behaviour towards the middle class, and especially minority groups, who found it particularly difficult to relate to him, lost him votes that likely went towards the President, the candidate who appeared more relatable to the average American.Another reason that may explain Romneys inability to win the governing body is that he was never truly the popular choice for the Republican nomination. Before election night, Westen stated that if Romney did lose the election, it would be because Romney was not very large-hearted to the base ( Westen). Romney did not appear to be popular amongst Republicans. He ran for Republican nominee in 2008 and lost. In this election, his name was not mentioned earliest in the race as a popular choice for president the way other names were mentioned, like Mitch Daniels and Chris Christie. According to CBS, 58% of Republicans wanted more choices. This essentially performer that 58% of Republicans likely were not satisfied with Governor Romney as the Republican nominee but wanted Obama out of office regardless of who the other selection was (Montopoli). This dislike for Romney may be due to his moderate positions as a Governor. However, because of the GOPs extremism, Romney had to change positions and appear to be more conservative than he actually was in the past. James Carville explains that if Romney had run as a moderate, he would not have made it past the primaries (Dickinson). This conservatism may have gained him some popularity amongst very right-wing Republicans however th is popularity likely shrunk when he began to move to the centre. Romneys strategy to adapt to whatever the voters wanted him to be made him unfavourable amongst the GOP and amongst the general voting population. The GOP saw that he became a moderate and the general population saw what he was during the primaries and questioned his sincerity on his positions.The last and possibly most critical reason that Romney lost the Presidency against incumbent Obama was because of the new and growing extremism of the Republican Party and a general distaste for Republicans altogether. Political Scientist Renford Reese called this election one that was winnable for the Republicans. The economy was in bad stamp and the unemployment rate is at 8%. Many who voted for Obama in 2008 were disappointed in his performance over the past 4 years in office. However, because of this growing conservative extremism of the party that got the best of Romney, he lost the election (Reese). The party is seen to be losing touch with the middle class. It continues to appear to cater to the wealthiest of the population and appears uninterested in minority groups. The primaries essentially consisted of a negative anti-Obama sentiment and discussions of being against various social issues in a context that seems outdated. This includes anti-gay, anti-womens rights, anti-immigration, anti-minority, anti-welfare, anti-health care reform, anti-global warming, anti-unions, and anti-education (Reese). This growing extremism of the GOP makes their voting population very narrow and makes them appear unelectable. In order to win the base, Romney had to have been in agreement with most of these named positions whether it was sincere or not (Dickinson). The candidates who did not take on such extreme positions, like Jon Huntsman and Ron Paul, did not stand a chance in winning the Republican nomination. Romney was not certain of his nomination early on, so his severe conservatism had to be dragged out long enough to ensure it which hurt his strategy of smoothly moving to the centre. Once he began to do it, it was too late as Obama had already latched onto his extreme statements and used them against Romney in ads and debates (Weisberg). Further hurting his transition to the middle were various Republicans who constantly made statements that made the GOP appear distasteful. This includes Missouris Todd Akin and Indianas Richard Mourdock whose statements on legitimate rape and pregnancy from rape being Gods will continued to make the GOP appear anti-womens rights (ibid.). Both men lost their seats, reflecting what voters thought about their obscure statements. Moreover, Arizonas immigration laws that appeared to endorse racial profiling and the proposed voting laws that would suppress African American voters also reflected poorly on the GOP, making them appear racist (Reese). There will always be Americans who vote Democrat and Americans who always vote Republican. However, it is the sw ing voters who matter most. If the GOP hopes to win the 2016 election they must(prenominal) reassess their party and produce candidates who can relate to the general population and who do not take on such extreme (and often religious) positions. James Carville, who served as Bill Clintons political strategist at the time of his Presidential bid, notes that the Democrats were losing the popular vote for 20 years. Clinton came along and ran as a centrist presidential candidate and won (Dickinson). This is what the Republicans need to do. They must step away from this growing extremism towards religion and social positions and take on moderate positions that can appeal to an ever growing diverse nation where white-males are no longer the only Americans they feel they need to appeal to (Reese). Only then may they have a chance at winning in 2016.People were looking for change after Obama with a fragmenting economy, but they did not feel safe with Romney (Jones). Governor Romney may hav e had a chance at winning the Presidency had he initially ran as a moderate however he would have had no shot at winning the primaries. The growing disconnects between the GOP and the voting population is increasing and it was responsible for Romney losing the election. Romney had to appear severely conservative (Fahrenthold) in order to win the nomination but attempted to appear moderate after that in order to win over the general population. However, Obama made this difficult for him when he and his provide latched onto obscure statements made by the governor, such as the 47% comment and his support for self deportation (Dickinson) and used them against him in debates and ads thus reminding the voters of what Romney was like during the primaries, individual unrelatable to the average American. On top of that, Obama used the same popularity and hype he received from the 2008 election to win over similar demographics in this election. This includes African Americans, Hispanics, wo men and youth (Abramson 118). These are the same groups that did not vote for Romney. They essentially all felt disconnected with Romney and were afraid of what his presidency would bring. They felt safer with Obama. Romneys constant flip flopping and gaffes made him look uninterested and distrusted to the population (NY Times). He did not come off as a sincere candidate rather he came off as a politician who would say anything to please voters. Now that Romney had led two unsuccessful presidential bids, the GOP must reorganize themselves and use the strategy that Clinton used to win the presidency as a Democrat start and stay in the centre (Dickinson). Obama won a second term because of his charisma and his successes in his first term but most importantly because voters felt safer with him as President as opposed to a nominee who said anything to please the population and who came off as distrusted and unable to connect with the average American.CitationsAbramson, Paul, John Aldric h and David Rohde. Change and Continuity in the 2008 and 2010 Elections. Washington, DC CQ, 2012.Boroff, David, and Rogue Planas. Romney Says He Favors self-deportation New York Daily News. 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. .Brockes, Emma. why Obama Won the Womens Vote. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 07 Nov. 2012. .Dickinson, Tim. How President Obama Won a Second Term. Rolling Stone. 23 Nov. 2012. .EDITORIAL The Moderate Mitt Myth. The New York Times. 13 Oct. 2012. .Election Results. The Huffington Post. 19 Nov. 2012..Fahrenthold, David A. Mitt Romney Reframes Himself as a severely Conservative Governor. Washington Post. 17 Feb. 2012..Foley, Elise. Latino Voters In Election 2012 Help Sweep Obama To Reelection. The Huffington Post. 07 Nov. 2012. .Former Florida GOP leaders Say Voter Suppression Was Reason They Pushed New Election Law. The Palm Beach Post. 25 Nov. 2012. .Gabriel, Trip. Romney Blasts Obama as a Failure on the Economy. The New York Times. The New York Times, 01 J uly 2011. .Glastris, Paul. Obamas Top 50 Accomplishments. The Washington Monthly. Mar.-Apr. 2012.http//www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/march_april_2012/features/obamas_top_50_accomplishments035755.php?page=1.Jones, Jeffrey. Economy Is Paramount Issue to U.S. Voters. Economy Is Paramount Issue to U.S. Voters. 29 Feb. 2012. .LoGiurato, Brett. Obamas Approval Ratings On sparing Issues Are Miserable. Business Insider. 16 Aug. 2012. .Montopoli, Brian. Poll 58% of Republicans Want More Presidential Choices. CBS News. 9 Jan. 2012. .Pika, Joseph, and John Maltese. The Politics of the Presidency. Washington, DC CQ, 2012.Preston, Julia. Record Number of Foreigners Were Deported in 2011, Officials Say. New York Times. 7 Sept. 2012. .Reese, Renford. Opinion GOP Extremism Killed Romneys Chances. Daily News. 7 Nov. 2012. .Rosenberg, Paul. The Racist Nature of the Republican Partys Most Effective Lies. Al Jazeera. 6 Sept. 2012..Second Presidential cut into Full Transcript. ABC News. 17 Oct. 2 012. .Slack, Megan. From the Archives President Obama Signs the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act. From the Archives President Obama Signs the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act. 30 Jan. 2012. .We Are Woman. We Are Woman. .Weisberg, Jacob. why Romney Lost. The Financial Times. N.p., 7 Nov. 2012. .Westen, Drew. Americas Leftward Tilt? The New York Times. N.p., 3 Nov. 2012. .

Prevalence of Refractive Errors in School Children

Prevalence of Refractive Errors in School ChildrenIntroduction unremedied errors of refractions turn in obtain one of the major important public wellness chores worldwide nowadays. They include myopia , hyperopia and astigmatism . Myopia (nearsightedness)is an ocular disorder in which the optic power of the eye is very strong for the corresponding axis. (1) It represents a major health problem among tame children and it is reported that there are about 80 millions myopic child in the world.(2) It has two groups simple myopia or non pathogenic ( 6 diopters ) that is progressive and presents at early childhood. (3) Hyperopia or ( farsightedness) is reason by the degree of deflective error into Low hyperopia is +2.00D or little, Moderate hyperopia ranges from +2.25 to +5.00D, and High hyperopia is +5.25D or more but rarely pass by +8 D. (4) Astigmatism is a condition that may affect both farsighted and nearsighted people . It is ascribable to corneal or biconvex irregulari ties that cause blurring of resourcefulness. Mild and moderate astigmatism have the range of ( 1 to 2 D ) , severe astigmatism ( 2-3 D) , while the extreme astigmatism reach 3 D . About 5-15% of children are considered to have refractive errors ( world health organization WHO ,2001) .In 2002 , 161 million people globally have been reported to be optically impaired due to incompatible eye diseases as cataract , trachoma and onchocerciasis ( but errors of refractions as a cause was not included in such(prenominal) statistics) (WHO 2002 ). But since then , the WHO and the International Agency for the Prevention of blindness(IAPB), both separately and with them the global initiative ,VISION 2020 The Right to Sight, have worked very hard to include ungoverned errors of refractions in such statistics due to their great importance in visual impairment occurrence. So on October 12, 2006 , the WHO has revealed the magnitude of visually impaired people due to uncorrected errors of refrac tion to be 153 millions either blind or of low vision , with at least 13 million children (aged 515 years) (5,6)Blindness is defined in terms of visual sharpness (VA) as 3/60 in the better seeing eye and low vision as VA between 6/18 to 3/60 in the better seeing eye , but all on the base of the presenting visual acuity rather than the best corrected visual acuity . And so, uncorrected errors of refractions become the second main cause of preventable blindness ( 18%) after the cataract (39%). (7,8). Uncorrected refractive errors are major problem in school children. Lead to inability to read what is written on chalkboard which greatly affect a childs learning process.19.It has serious social effect on the child in school. Continuous blaming of the child as being lazy and stunned is very frequent by non-responsible teachers. schoolmates tease the child. These factors may lead to decrease the childs performance leading to recurrent school failure. A domain formed in Brazil showed th e great impact of refractive errors on the childs education. About 10% of these children at higher probability of drop out of school. 11 Non-compliant Children who dont wear spectacles had an average academic score lesser than compliant beers . But, there could be confounders for this like IQ.17the prevalence of visual impairment from uncorrected refractive errors in some regions appears to be higher in urban areas than in rural areas, despite the presence of better health services. This may be due to a high incidence of myopia in these populations because of direct relation between increased access to education and myopia.12 The leave out of coating, and the availability and affordability of refractive corrections are the most important. 12,13Many factors that contribute for refractive errors remaining uncorrected like lack of awareness and recognition of the problem at personal and family level and community level, equipment for diagnosis and treatment of errors of refraction a re not available (WHO, 1993). In the age group 515 years, non-correction of refractive errors is due to several factors like absence of screening program. However, cultural barriers and believes can play a role, as shown in studies from where free and easy spell screening program and aids to correct errors of refraction are present. 12,13 Poor access to refractive services in rural children, despite the fact that refractive errors are less common amongst rural children.14,15 cosmetic factors like that the spectacles make the face look more nerdy, which may be more pleasurable to girls and boys are more prone for activities and sports in rural areas.13 A Tanzanian take on showed that spectacles provided free of cost under insurance coverage, were used less as compared to those the patient pay for them.18 The age factor showing controversial effect on compliance of spectacles wear, increasing the age has minor invalidating effect in a study from Mexico, while it shows a positive e ffect in a study from rural china.16, 17 less educated parents is a contributing factor for non-compliance of spectacle wear. Fathers education has more prominent effect than mothers educational level. This may be due to that educated women always have equal or more educated husbands.Children from larger villages were more non-compliant than those from smaller villages. Cosmetics is not an important issue in small villages.19 Non-availability of different types, shapes, colors, and sizes of spectacles is some other cause. only one size spectacles that fit all ages is considered unfashionable. Small refractive errors (20Many studies have been conducted in different parts of the world using the same protocol . The la canvas global estimate of prevalence of visually impaired children ( 5-15) due to refractive errors was 0.97% with higher prevalence in china and urban areas of south east Asia (9)Few studies were also conducted in Egypt , but one of largest studies conducted in Cairo , the capital of Egypt, using a large sample (6000) children from different governorates and socioeconomic classes has revealed the prevalence of refractive errors (VA = or So the objective of our study is to measure the prevalence of refractive errors among schoolchildren from (5 to 18 years ) at El-Demerdash hospital .Subjects MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study is to be conducted where participants are selected from patients attending the Ophthalmology Department, at El Demerdash Hospital, with a total of 500 children 250 boys and 250 girls. Age group ranges from 5-18 years and the study will take place in the period from February 2014 till July 2014. Each participating child will have his/her personal details recorded on a form, and will undergo a standard ophthalmological examination including Visual Acuity (VA) with/without glasses, cycloplegic retinoscopy, cycloplegic autorefraction, external eye and fundus examination with all the results recorded. Refraction will be done using retinoscopy after 1% cyclopentolate eye drops instilled in the eyes at least half an hour prior to the examination. Only children who have a VA of less than 6/6 in at least one eye will undergo retinoscopy.Inclusion criteria Any child at the school age of 5-18 years, attending the Ophthalmology Department, at El Demerdash hospital as inpatients, whose parents will sign a written informed consent forum.Exclusion criteria Children who are unwilled to undergo the examination, although an informed consent is signed by their parents. Children with co-morbidities or other illness, or children taking any drugs that might have ocular side effects. ingest method used is the convenience (purposeful) method, sample size of 500 patients with a sampling frame from the patients records are to be obtained at the start of the study. Data depth psychology Data will be entered into a computerized database-using the CDC-WHO package EPI-INFO, and results of analysis are presented in the for m of tables.Ethical considerations The study protocol is approved by the estimable committee at Ain Shams University. Written informed consent are taken from parents or legal guardians as a pre requisite for inclusionReferences 1-The interior(a) Eye Institue, The National Institute ofHealth.http//www.nei.nih.gov/healthyeyes/myopia.asp May 2010 .3-Friedman NJ, Kaiser PK. Essentials of Ophthalmology. Philadelphia, PA Elsevier Inc 2007253-254.4-Moore BD, Augsburger AR, Ciner EB, Cockrell DA, Fern KD, Harb E. Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline Care of the Patient with Hyperopia. St. Louis, MO American Optometric Association 19971-29.5-World Health giving medication. Sight test and glasses could dramatically improve the lives of 150 million people with poor vision.Press release, 11 October 2006. http//www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/HYPERLINK http//www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr55/en/index.html2006HYPERLINK http//www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr55 /en/index.html/prHYPERLINK http//www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr55/en/index.html55HYPERLINK http//www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr55/en/index.html/en/index.html.6-Resnikoff S et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bulletin of the World Health organisation7- Dandona R, Dandona L. Refractive error blindness. Bull World Health Organ. 200179(3)237243.8-World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th Revision, 2nd Ed. Geneva,World Health Organization 2005.9.Zhao, J., Mao, J., Luo, R., Li, F., Pokharel, G. P., Ellwein, L. B. (2004). Accuracy of noncycloplegicautorefraction in school-age children in China. Optometry and Vision Science, 81, 49-55.http//dx.doi.org/HYPERLINK http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200401000-0001010HYPERLINK http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200401000-00010.HYPERLINK http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200401000-000101097HYPERLINK http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/ 00006324-200401000-00010/HYPERLINK http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200401000-0001000006324HYPERLINK http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200401000-00010HYPERLINK http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200401000-00010200401000HYPERLINK http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200401000-00010HYPERLINK http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200401000-000100001010. Negrel AD, Maul E, Pokharel GP, Zhao J, Ellwein LB. Refractive errorstudy in children sampling and measurement methods for amulticountry survey. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000129(4)421426.11. Gomes-Neto J, Hanushek E, Leite R, Frota-Bezzera R. Health and schooling evidence and policy implications for developing countries. Econ Edu Rev. 199716(3)271282.12.Khandekar, R., Mohammed, A. J., Al Raisi, A. (2002). The compliance of spectacle wear and its determinants among school children of Dhakhiliya region of the Sultanate of Oman. A descriptive study. Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Scientific Research Medical Sciences, 4, 39-42.13.Preslan, M. W., Novak, A. (1998). Baltimore vision screening project. Phase 2 Ophthalmology, 105, 150-3.14.Dandona R, Dandona L, Srinivas M, Sahare P, Narsaiah S, Muoz SR, et al. Refractive error in children in a rural population in India.Invest Ophthalm Visc sci.20024362331.PubMed15.Murthy GVS, Gupta SK, Ellwein LB, Muoz SR, Pokharel GP, Sanga L, et al. Refractive error in children in an urban population in New Delhi.Invest Ophthalm Visc Sci.20024361522.16.Congdon N, Zheng M, Sharma A, Choi K, Song Y, Zhang M, et al. Prevalence and determinants of spectacle non-wear among rural Chinese secondary school children. The Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error charter Report 3.Arch Ophthalmol.2008126171723.PubMed17.Castanon Holguin AM, Congdon N, Patel N, Esteso P, Toledo Flores S, et al. Factors associated with spectacle-wear compliance in school-aged Mexican Children.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2006479258.PubMed18.Esteso P, Castanon A, Toledo S, Rito MA, Ervin A, Wojciechowski R, et al. Correction of mode rate myopia is associated with improvement in self-reported visual functioning among Mexican school-aged children.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.200748494954.PubMed19.Preslan MN, Novak A. Baltimore vision screening project.Phase 2.Ophthalmology.19981051503.PubMed20.Congdon NG, Patel N, Esteso P, Williams C, Wolke D. The association between refractive cutoffs for spectacle provision and visual improvement among school aged children in south Africa.Br J Ophthalmol.200892138.PubMed

The Twelve Tribes of Israel: An Organizational Movement :: Twelve Tribes Israel Essays

The Twelve Tribes of Israel An organizational Movement The Rastafarian Movement has been one of the most important movements of our time. It has proved to us that it is possible to make lemonade erupt of the lemons that be dealt to us, and that violence is not the only way to deal with troubles or get what you feel you deserve. It has also provided a system of assent and following for oer 700,000 loyal people. A Social, political and religious explosion with as few negative connotations as possible, Rasta is just ab place as good as it gets. the like all religious trees, Rasta has branched out into a variety of sub-movements, such as Nyabinghi, the Ethiopian National Congress or Bobo dreads, and the Twelve Tribes of Israel, just to public figure a few. The Twelve Tribes ar especially interesting because they believe in salvation for all races, whereas the doctrines of other Rastas are exclusive to Blacks, primarily because of the very root of the religion Whites making slaves out of them. While this idea may seem quite revolutionary, there are other aspects of this movement that are completely receded. Frankly, the trustingness resembles its influences of Christianity and Judaism more than Rastafarianism, in a lot of instances.The purpose of this paper is to shed a little bit of light on the widely unknown national of this interesting and persistent movement. First I will discuss the history of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, an ideal embraced primarily and whole-heartedly by the Jews.The stool Israel comes from heaven. Most of us, when we hear the contrive Israel think only of the Jews. But from the beginning they have had to share this title with a great many others, because in scripture the House of Israel consists of twelve tribes and the Jews are just one of those twelve. Jacob was just an ordinary guy, living long before the birth of Jesus Christ. He had 2 wives who were sisters, and two slave-wives. Between them were born 12 boys. One night while these kids were young, an angel came to Jacob and they spent the entire evening wrestling. The angel was God. Suprisingly, God didnt annihilate this mere human, and the match ended in a stalemate. God then changed Jacobs name to Israel, which means, rebel. Who else but a rebel would physically fight with the angel of God?The Twelve Tribes of Israel An Organizational Movement Twelve Tribes Israel EssaysThe Twelve Tribes of Israel An Organizational Movement The Rastafarian Movement has been one of the most important movements of our time. It has proved to us that it is possible to make lemonade out of the lemons that are dealt to us, and that violence is not the only way to deal with troubles or get what you feel you deserve. It has also provided a system of faith and following for over 700,000 loyal people. A Social, political and religious explosion with as few negative connotations as possible, Rasta is just about as good as it gets. resembling all religious trees, Rasta has branched out into a variety of sub-movements, such as Nyabinghi, the Ethiopian National Congress or Bobo dreads, and the Twelve Tribes of Israel, just to name a few. The Twelve Tribes are especially interesting because they believe in salvation for all races, whereas the doctrines of other Rastas are exclusive to Blacks, primarily because of the very grow of the religion Whites making slaves out of them. While this idea may seem quite revolutionary, there are other aspects of this movement that are completely receded. Frankly, the faith resembles its influences of Christianity and Judaism more than Rastafarianism, in a lot of instances.The purpose of this paper is to shed a little bit of light on the widely unknown champaign of this interesting and persistent movement. First I will discuss the history of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, an ideal embraced primarily and whole-heartedly by the Jews.The name Israel comes from heaven. Most of us, when we hear the article Israel think only of the Jews. But from the beginning they have had to share this title with a great many others, because in scripture the House of Israel consists of twelve tribes and the Jews are just one of those twelve. Jacob was just an ordinary guy, living long before the birth of Jesus Christ. He had 2 wives who were sisters, and two slave-wives. Between them were born 12 boys. One night while these kids were young, an angel came to Jacob and they spent the entire evening wrestling. The angel was God. Suprisingly, God didnt annihilate this mere human, and the match ended in a stalemate. God then changed Jacobs name to Israel, which means, rebel. Who else but a rebel would physically fight with the angel of God?

The TV Made Me Do It Essay -- essays research papers

Violence on TV affects how children view themselves, their world, and other people. In fact, experts warn that viewing violence can have lifelong harmful set up on childrens health. By the time children complete school, the average child will witness more than 100,000 acts of violence on TV, including 8,000 murders. The more violence children consume on TV, the more likely they may act in aggressive ways, become less sensitive to others pain and suffering, and be more fearful of the world around them. Since we live in a violent society, were constantly hearing arguments that seeing TV violence, particularly children, desensitizes us so we accept authoritative violence more easily and maybe it even triggers real violence. The theory behind the TV attacks is always the same if Bobby commits a crime, hes not responsible and his parents are not responsible something else is responsible. The problem in this society isnt the easy availability of drugs, or guns, or television, although each are scapegoted. All of these things simply do only what we have them do. All supposedly scientific studies on the subject of TV violence causing real violence are based on a theory of cause-and-effect that goes against humans having the capability of making responsible, moral choices. So is the media causing the nation to stray away(predicate) from the old fashion values? We are voluntary beings by nature we chose what we do and what we make of ourselves. For example, you take...

Privilege and Democracy :: Racism Race Prejudice Essays

Privilege and Democracy The word and concept, racism, is something that the majority of people in American society fear to disgorge about or to discuss. Race is a touchy subject and a problem that people try to avoid. If you ask anyone if they consider themselves a racist intimately likely the answer would be no. I, as a white Serbian, thought the same thing. However, after reading Beverly Tatums Defining Racism in Why Are only the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? and Peggy McIntoshs article, White Privilege and Male Privilege, I started to re-examine my perception and commentary of racism. I wonder how race influences my world as a white, female, heterosexual, and what role it plays in American society.In the first chapter of the book Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in Cafeteria Tatum defines racism as racial prejudice (9). The term racial prejudice is a term that I dupe heard since I was born. It is the term that the majority of people use in order to describe racism. It is a term that has been introduced to us and it was something that I never questioned. I understood its meaning, only I had never experienced it, until I came to the United States, Middlebury College. At the beginning, I could sense that this country had a history of oppressive racism, but at the same time after living here for two years, I have come to the conclusion that racism is still present. It is hard to sympathise why, because for me it is so refreshing and rewarding to integrate and live with people of different races. I do not have that opportunity in Serbia, since there, we lack diversity. Tatum asks us to think of racism not only in terms of personal prejudice, but as something larger, that operates as a system of privileges advantages and privileges in a specific society (9). This idea provides me with a different perspective. Many people of a different race and color are citizens of the United States, but do not have the power or equal opportu nity for education or jobs compared to white citizens of this country. Simply being white in the United States opens many doors. By introducing this new way of looking at racism, Tatum sparks many thoughts and I realize that being white is still a great privilege in this provide society.