The Great Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

The Great Depression - Essay Example As the research declares most farmers and companies hence began to incur losses and default on their loans. The situation got worse after some parts of the nation were hit by a terrible drought. America was also operating on a laissez-faire economic policy that did not impose any regulations on businesses. Most companies paid low wages to their workers leading to uneven wealth distribution. The above factors coupled with the fact that Europe was also going through the depression led to an increased decline in the market for American products. It led to the closure of businesses, increase in debts, massive unemployment, and foreclosure of banks. The final blow resulted from the collapse of the New York stock market that led to the loss of billions of dollars of investor money. As the report stresses President Hoover tried to end the economic crisis by encouraging cooperation between government and business, establishing government agencies, fostering labor harmony and attempting to balance the budget. He refused to involve the federal government in manipulating the currency, fixing prices or controlling businesses. He also refused to use federal money to give direct aid citizens hence operated on the principle of rugged individualism. President Franklin Roosevelt, on the other hand, held a much more liberal philosophy as he believed the federal government was required to step in and give direct aid to its people.

Chapter 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Chapter 1 - Essay Example Diagnoses by medical practitioners are also not correct, absolutely, and some conditions are misdiagnosed or are not diagnosed at all (Improvements in Healthcare p3). One of the implications of Princess Alexandra Hospital researchers’ finding is that it might reassure internet users of the reliability of Google and the internet at general in self-diagnosis. Many people are increasingly resorting to the internet to find out their possible medical conditions despite warnings about its unreliability and Google’s high success rate for diagnosis might change this perception. The other implication is that Google might now compete more favorably with other trusted internet sites used for self-diagnosis. MedLinePlus is one such site that is trusted by many online users for information because the National Library of Medicine manages it (Improvements in Healthcare p3). An important implication for Google’s 57percent success rate is that if continually refined, the internet can serve as a complementary and alternative diagnostic tool. The contemporary world has become increasingly dependent on the internet that has traversed many aspects of life and medical field is not an exception. The reservations that most medical practitioners have with the internet as a diagnostic tool should be countered by improving on its shortcomings. After all, to many, the internet is more accessible than a medical practitioner is. Medical practitioners should therefore not feel threatened by the internet. Rather, they should embrace and incorporate it in their practice (Improvements in Healthcare p3). Google’s success case demonstrates the potential of the internet in helping to provide more people with access to healthcare with minimal costs. Hospital settings are limited by space and time required to accommodate and attend to all the patients seeking treatment. These deny physicians quality time with every patient and this is something that can countered by using the internet.

The Performance Appraisal System In British Airways Commerce Essay

The Performance Appraisal System In British Airways Commerce Essay Effective People resources include not only the acquisition of quantity and quality of people, as well as management employees to endorse that performance is constantly reviewed, and at a level that meets the objectives of the organization. It is important that employees should know what is expected from of them, not only in terms of roles and responsibilities, but also in terms of performance. The research proposal involves mainly the performance appraisal system of British Airways. The study aims to analyze the performance, evaluation, monitoring, hearten and build up and improve their effectiveness, in turn contributes to the success of the organization. Performance appraisal includes an assessment of the employee, opinion for people and confrontation, as productivity can be improved. Definition of performance appraisal: Managing people at work of all fears in the management of the interaction between what is inside people have the human potential, and the inclination and needs, and the fact that in the work, i.e. quantity and quality output, and the satisfaction that people can get from their work. By BSPS 2003 expertise is regularly record the evaluation of the employee, the potential and development needs. Certification is an opportunity to take an overview of the work content, loads and volume, to look at what was achieved during the reporting period and agree objectives for the next Reference Organization: The structure of the worlds leading airline focused on improving operational efficiency and financial fit, In order to achieve strategic objectives. British Airways is necessary to measure HR performance in business and make their managers abide the responsibility for the delivery of objectives. British Airways is the UKs largest international scheduled airline, flying more than 550 destinations at convenient times, to the best located airports. Whether customers in the air or on the ground, British Airways is proud of providing a full service experience. British Airways group consists of British Airways PLC and a number of subsidiaries, including, in particular, British Airways Holidays Limited and British Airways Travel Shops Limited. __________________________________   Ã‚  Consultation, conciliation and arbitration (2003 employees Appraisal) Performance measurement and objective: My purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the activities of British Airways evaluation and performance management system, which is used to measure the effectiveness of staff I developed the following questions about the support of my statement of the problem: What is an appraisal management system, which is used in British Airways? What is the difference between the performance appraisal management in British Airways? What tools, techniques and standards, British Airways uses to analyze and evaluate effectiveness? As British Airways can increase their efficiency, quality, motivation and employee satisfaction? Objectives: There are a few goals of my research: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Measuring performance against goals and objectives, ie what has been achieved à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Measuring the performance of core competencies, ie how it was achieved à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Feedback results à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To improve communication and understanding between managers and staff à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ identification of functions that need to be improved à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ recognition and validation of performance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To fulfill the goals and objectives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identification of key competencies Literature Review 2,1 PAS: PAS is the official system, which assesses the quality organization.The managing people at work are most concerned about controlling the interaction between what is inside people have the human potential, aptitude and needs, and that in the work, ie quantity and quality of output, and the satisfaction that people can get from their work. People go to work, to apply their capabilities, inclinations and needs to target the organization of production of goods and services in the economic quantity and quality. To assess how well they perform in the organization to achieve its objectives is assessing effectiveness. According to official Gluck evaluation is a system created at the plant regularly and systematically assess the work of employees Although Kenney, Donnelly and Reed defined it as assessment of the employee on his staff strengths and weaknesses On the other hand, Anderson describes the performance appraisal as a tool for learning and development, he said if the strengths and weaknesses of the employee, not known, it would be only a coincidence that development efforts will be directed in the right direction. By BSPS 2003 expertise is regularly record the evaluation of the employee, the potential and development needs. Certification is an opportunity to take an overview of the work content, loads and volume, to look at what was achieved during the reporting period and agree objectives for the next Fletcher and Williams (in 1985) went even further. They said that judging people is not the only thing they do when they evaluate the effectiveness of rights. They believe that there are actually two conflicting roles, participating in the evaluation, ie, the referee and assistant. This certification can be seen, at least in theory, but a process that brings together all the various approaches to managing performance and allows managers to implement them. This procedure, which can both reward and discipline, through which employees can be a coach and counseling, as well as vehicles through which improvements in productivity can be negotiated. a.d.b.p p author. Date.book name. Place of publication, publisher What 2,2 PAS? PAS involves the identification, measurement and management of human activities in the organization, as shown in Figure 1.1 Figure 1.1: Model evaluation 2.2.1 Identification: This means determining the direction of the manager should consider when measuring performance. The first step in the implementation of the evaluation process is to determine what to measure. It must be rational and legally justified on the basis of analysis work. The process of determining the performance dimensions very similar to the work of the analysis. The evaluation system should focus on performance, which affects the organizational success, not the performance is irrelevant characteristics such as race, age or sex. Definition of performance measurement is one of the most important steps in the process of certification. If you missed, it will demoralize the staff, because he will not be recognized in this dimension. In addition, if a value dimension included employees may perceive the process as meaningless. 2.2.2 Units of measurement: The second part of the evaluation is to measure employee performance. This entails making management decisions, as good or employee Bad was or is. The good results of the measurements should be consistent throughout the organization. All managers in the organization must maintain comparable standards of evaluation. Measuring employee involves assigning number reflects the performance of the employee to determine characteristics or dimensions. In general, this measurement is to determine the level of performance to judge the quantity, quality, timeliness and / or economic performance with a set of standards. For example, what has been achieved? It can also serve as a basis for determining when these achievements deserve special recognition. It is difficult to quantify the performance measurements. E.g. Creativity can be one of the important aspects of the advertising copywriter, but the measure creativity is difficult. How can you measure creativity? This is the number of ads written year The number of ads win industry awards, Or any other criterion? These are some of the issues that managers will face when trying to assess the effectiveness of the employee. 2.2.3 Management: The Office is the main objective of any evaluation system. Score more than in the past-oriented activities, which criticizes or praises employees for their work in the previous year, rather, an assessment should perspective view of the fact that the employee can do to realize their potential in the organization. This means that the manager must ensure that workers with feedback and coach them to higher levels of productivity. 2,3 is the difference between the results of evaluation and performance management It is usually assumed that the performance appraisal is the same as Performance Management. But there are significant differences. PAS is an important part of performance management. This in itself is not performance, but is one of the tools that can be used to manage performance. First, we must understand the word performance. What does that word mean? It is important to clarify what it means. There are different views on that performance. Bates and Holton said that The performance of a multidimensional construct, the measurement of which varies depending on various factors. Kane (1996) argues that performance is that people leave behind and that there is a separate form of goals. According to Al Bernadine and others performance should be defined as the work because they provide a strong connection with the strategic objectives of the organization, customer satisfaction and economic contribution. The initial value of productivity in the Oxford Dictionary is the achievement, performance, conduct, develop anything ordered or undertaken. From this we can pass on performance of doing the work, as well as about the result achieved. As productivity Campbell behavior, and should be distinguished from the result, because the behavior may be infected system factors A more complete picture of the performance behavior of hugs and out forward. It is well placed Brumbrach:   Performance means that both behaviors and results. The behavior comes from the artist and transform the performance of abstraction to action. Not only documents the results, the behavior and results in themselves a product of mental and physical effort in relation to problems and can judge, except the results. Now we know that the performance of both inputs (the behavior) and outputs (results) groups, individual or organization. PAS can be defined as a formal evaluation and assessment of people on their heads. On the other hand performance on the management of the organization. This strategy that we are talking about broader issues and long-term goals. Performance management is a natural process management rather than systems or equipment. Armstrong and Baron (1998) to determine the effectiveness of management, such as: The process, which contributes to the effective management of individuals and groups in order to achieve a high level of organizational effectiveness. Thus, it establishes a common understanding of what needs to be achieved, and the approach to leading and developing people who will ensure this is achieved. According to Armstrong, Baron (1998) Performance management should be a device or means to ensure that managers of good governance. Managers must ensure that individuals or groups they manage: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Know and understand what is expected of them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Have the skills necessary to meet these expectations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supports the organization in developing the capacity to meet these expectations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ We give feedback. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Be able to discuss and contribute to individual and team goals and objectives. The differences between them, and summed up Armstrong and Baron are in Table 1.1 Performance evaluation of management effectiveness From top to bottom evaluation of a collaborative process based on dialogue The annual assessment meeting constant review with one or more formal reviews Use of estimates Rating least Monolithic System Flexible process The focus on quantitative goals focus on values and behavior, as well as goals Often linked to pay less likely to be a direct link to pay Bureaucratic complex documents Documentation kept to a minimum Owner The owner of the personnel department line manager

Momma Lowrider: Sandra Teran of Dukes Car Club :: Essays Papers

Momma Lowrider: Sandra Teran of Duke's Car Club On Easter Sunday of last year, the sound of gunfire, then police sirens, interrupted the music booming from the cars on South Sixth Avenue. Three people died and six were injured in two separate shootings that occurred within an hour of each other on the street crowded with cars and people (Stauffer). This event reinforced the way the public often views cruisers: as violent juveniles or gang-bangers engaging in a dangerous, vain activity. The violence of Easter Sunday, however, does not typify cruising or cruisers. Cruising - and the intense work that goes into making a car, especially a lowrider, truly "cruise-worthy" - offers an alternative to violence and gangs. Often, a car club helps with the work of customizing a ride, giving the owner advice on how to get the look of the car just right. Duke's Car Club has been one of the most popular and visible car clubs in Tucson since it was founded forty years ago (Teran 10/8/01). Sandra Teran, a member of Duke's Car Club, represents an a spect of cruising and car clubs that few people are aware of: family involvement and community pride. When it comes to cruising, lowriders star in the show, and have for the last thirty years. "Lowrider" signifies any automobile, from trucks to cars to motorcycles, customized to ride low to the ground. The asphalt-scraping suspension isn't the only alteration; the cars often sport elaborate paint jobs, expensive wire rimmed wheels, plush upholstery, and tough hydraulics systems. The cars' owners, also called lowriders, display their cars by cruising slowly down the street or exhibiting them at car shows. Despite the time and money put into a lowrider, lowriding is not just about the cars. It is also about family and community, as Sandra Teran explained to me when I interviewed her. Sandra is prominent in the lowriding community, and driving up to her home I could see why. Three classic luxury cars sat in the driveways, their meticulous paint gleaming. The love for all things classic extends to the inside of her home; two jukeboxes stand by the front door and a photo of one of her son s wearing a zoot suit hangs on the wall. I arrived a few minutes early for our interview, and Sandra had gone to pick up one of her grandchildren, so I sat and waited.

Mystery of disappearing oil Essay

1. Assume the role of Fuad, the accountant. What changes, if any, would you recommend, in the management of the petrol station, to Mat Jon? Why? Be as explicit as possible. The recommendation regarding to the management of the petrol station can divide into three major part, which is recording management, inventory management, and internal control. Because these problems can be directly or indirectly affect the performance of the business. In order to well managing a business, a skillful person with managerial aptitudes and ethical behavior are required. However, the person who carrying the day-to-day operation of the business, Jamel, does not possessed it. RECORDING MANAGEMENT Inaccurate amount in sales collection Based on the cases, the Mat Jon found out that the sales collection was greatly different for the beginning of July and ending of the July. The sales figures for first two days were reasonable good, it was around RM32, 000ï ¼Å'but it was dropped significantly in the end of the month, which is drop to RM14, 000 in 31st July. In 1st of July, the daily pump sales of unleaded petrol are RM34, 458.68, however, it already exceed the total sales of the day which amounting to RM 32, 220.40. Since the Mat Jon does not able to seek the explanation from his nephew, i suspect there is high possibility sales was take place, but may be intentionally or unintentionally omitted recording. Recommendation: I would suggest Mat Jon make a proper reconciliation between the sales recorded, physical balance of unleaded petrol and bank statement in order to found out the missing amount. Exceeding of the overdraft amount The petrol station facing the shortage of cash and this is showed on the exceed limit of the bank overdraft. Compare the daily cash sales receive with the amount in the bank statement, it showed that the cash sales that deposit into the bank are lower than the actual sales. The overdraft limit  is only RM20, 000, but they already overdraft for RM 21, 019.42. From the sales collection report, most of the sales is deemed from cash, so it is less likely the petrol station will facing the shortage of cash. It may be either have theft of cash or intentionally manipulation by Jamel since the Jamel was felt nervous when Mat Jon questioning him. Recommendation: Mat Jon should reconcile all the cash received against the sales, and this could be done in daily. In addition, Mat Jon should consider installing a CCTV all around the petrol station in order to prevent theft of cash by unethical staff. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT Inaccurate amount in stock balance report In addition, from the stock balance report, we found that the balance of the stock in the report is lower than the actual balance that the company should have. There are some shortfalls in the physical balance of the unleaded petrol. Jamel, who in charge in the petrol stationï ¼Å'should have responsible on the stock balances, so I assume that Jamel might be manipulate the figure in the stock balance report in order to gain self-interest. For example, he was paying out the cheque without obtaining any stock. Recommendation: Matching the purchase order (PO), delivery order (DO), and invoices when payment is made. Mat Jon should track back all the supporting documents in order to ensure the payment is made for the petrol purchased. In addition, this is related to the proper segregation of duties. Mat Jon should not give all the right and authority to Jamel. Increased in cost of sales while the sales are dropping over years Based on the trend analysis report, the cost of sales was increasing over years but the sales were decline significantly. One of the possibilities is that the inflation causes the cost of petrol increase and so leads to the decreasing in profit. But this assumption is less possible in this case. This is because the performance of recent year could not reasonably explain the increased cost. This might due to Jamel reported the cost of petrol at  higher price and gain the differences for himself or, he transferred the cost to the customer by raising the price of petrol, and thus loss of customers. Recommendation: Negotiated with the supplier and propose a hedging agreement to hedge the petrol price to avoid the inflation. INTERNAL CONTROL The role of Jamel Mat Jon left the management of the business almost wholly to his nephew, Jamel and he did not pay much attention to the business. But recently, Mat Jon suspected that Jamel was doing something unethical to his business, and also found that Jamel was not capable to manage the business. This raise the issue on the roles and capability of Jamel. Jamel does not have any direct interest in the business, so he might concern on his own interest instead of the revenue of the business. Recommendation Mat Jon should not fully rely on Jamel as he does not have any direct interest in this business thus there is possibilities that Jamel won’t put much effort on the petro station business. Mat Jon can remain the Jamel’s position just for the sake of avoiding the conflict between them, but he should monitor the petrol station business by himself to avoid any potential loss. Besides, this can also enable him to regularly reviewing the business, provided guidance to Jamel, and can detect the problems as earlier as he can. Impolite staff When they receiving the complaint from their regular customer, Supramaniam, the attendant ignore him and alleged that his fuel indicator may be faulty. And when Supramaniam request to talk with the person in charge, but he was informed that the manager was not around. At the meantime, the supervisor of the petrol station, Sudin, however, could not provide the immediate assistance to the customer. So there is end up with increasing the customer dissatisfaction. Recommendation Provide proper training to the staff. This including provides guidance on how to deal with the customer complaint and solve the question from the customer courtesy. In addition, the person in charge of the petrol station, Jamel, can be assumed not come to work frequently. Therefore, Mat Jon can consider to install a punch card system to track the attendance record of the employees. Segregation of duties Most of the problems is arise is due to there is not proper segregation of duties. When there is one person handling too much of responsibilities, the fraud may occur. In addition, it will also reduce the performance of the person who handling too much of responsibilities because of the work overload. In this case, Jamel, as the sole person who managing the petrol station, was handle too much of duties so that he tend to manipulate the amount in order to obtain the personal gain. Recommendation Mat Jon should have proper segregation of duties between the manager, Jamel and its supervisor, Sudin to enhance the performance of the petrol station. Jamel as a station managers, he should responsible in term of the inventory, pricing, recording, and also customer services. Hence, Jamel should responsible: Daily operations at gas stations and fuel-selling convenience stores. To ensure that sufficient amounts of fuel are available, Ensuring stores are well-stocked, The fuelling equipment is functional, To ensure staff is available to meet customer needs, The payments for fuel and merchandise are processed and recorded properly. Ensure company policies are upheld, examine timesheets for accuracy, train new employees, distribute paychecks, make financial bank deposits and report financial transactions. Sudin as a station supervisor, he should handle the following responsibilities: Supervise and co-ordinate sales staff and cashiers to  avoid the theft of cash Assign sales workers to duties Authorize payments by cheque Resolve customer complaints and supply shortages Maintain specified inventory and report to the station manager Prepare reports on sales collection

Palliative Care Nursing

Introduction Palliative is a concept of care that provides coordinated medical service to patients with progressive incurable diseases.The allied health service is proactive and seeks to improve the lives of individuals that are faced with life threatening diseases and their families. Dying and death are part of life and as such palliative care offers the patients a holistic care service that includes social, psychological and spiritual care (1, p.33). Therefore palliative care aims at ensuring that the patients and their families lead the best quality of life without having to be stressed about their condition. This essay takes a critical look at the philosophy and principles of palliative care and how they apply in nursing care. Discussion on the Statement The philosophical statement given by the World Health Organisation on palliative care is directed at ensuring that the patients have the best quality of life even when they have terminal illnesses. Palliative care is extended to the family of the patients to ensure that they continue to lead normal lives despite the challenges caused by the terminal diseases. In the past, patients with terminal illnesses were seen as sufferers and with the continual advancement of the disease, care was focused was on lessening the pain for the dying patients. However, with the development of palliative care, the dying patients are no longer seen as sufferers but as other normal patients and are given specialised care from designated professionals (5, p. 23). These professionals maintain humaneness as a core value and must respect the law with regards to the patients and their families and include them in all key decisions. The care is comprehensively provided to manage physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of the patients and their families. Palliative care is governed by principles that govern its practice. In the nursing profession, the nurses affirm life and regard dying as a normal process. This is a message that is communicated to both the patients and their families to help them accept the harsh reality of life. Communication is an important part of the process and as such the nurses are required to communicate with the patients and their families in the best possible manner. The nurses are required not to hasten or postpone the death of the ailing patients. They are instead required to relieve the patients from pain and distress to ensure that they improve the patient’s quality of life. Principles of Palliative Care in Nursing Palliative care is governed by some core principles that the professionals like nurses, doctors, counsellors and social workers are supposed to adhere to. This section takes a critical look at the principles of palliative care as they apply to the palliative care of patients and families in nursing care. Successful incorporation of palliative care in nursing practice is not a function of complex specialist environments, medical interventions or availability of drugs and disciplines (3, p54). The principles highlighted here apply to nurses working in any environment where they encounter the dying. The principles are discussed under the following themes: Emphasis on the quality of life Palliative care should be centred on the quality of life of the patients and their families. The nurses are required to encourage the patients and their families and help them focus on the quality of the life of the patient and not the number of days left to live. Quality of life is defined differently depending on the patient and the disease. The nurses improve the quality of life of the patient by managing the distressing symptoms in order to positively impact the course of the illness. The nursing palliative care team should help the patients and their families enjoy their lives to the maximum while facing the complex medical conditions (10, p. 74). Communication plays an integral part in the nursing palliative care and as such the nurses are required to continually speak with the patients and their families about their wishes, desires and what quality of life means to them (6, p. 63). The communication on quality of life should start early in the course of the illness when the ol der members of the family are able to contribute before they get stressed and start making immediate decisions. The emphasis on quality of life improves management of symptoms and communication between the nurses and the family. Patient and family are the focus of care This is a core principle that cuts across all settings because the patients and their families are the unit of care, not the disease (2, p. 77). Palliative care addresses the meaning of suffering, life, death and disease within the context of each family unit. It recognises the fact that all family members will be part of the disease process and as such their views and individual care plans must be taken into account in the palliative care. Symptom Management The nurses are required to assess and treat symptoms using the least invasive ways that will not cause more distress than the original symptom (7, p. 80). Interdisciplinary collaboration, frequent assessment, communication and appropriate management are important concepts of symptom management in palliative care. Symptom management should always be the start of diagnosis in patients with life threatening diseases or those that are potentially life threatening. This should be continued throughout the treatment process in order to improve the patient’s quality of life (3, p. 87). Communication and Decision Making Communication with the patients and family should be done clearly, collaboratively and compassionately in order to improve the patient’s quality of life (8, p. 81). Communication with the patients and family is important as it ensures that the family and patients are consistently updated on the course of the disease and treatment. The patients and their families depend on frequent, consistent communication on sensitive and difficult information and may at times need repetition of facts. The communication should be both ways as the nurses should listen to the views of the patients and their families in order to be able to provide care that suits their needs in all ways including culturally and spiritually (11, p. 101). It also allows the family members to reveal more about the patient as this information may be useful in the treatment process depending on the disease. Recommendations for Palliative Nursing Care As already indicated earlier in the discussion, it is not easy to fully implement the principles of palliative nursing care. However, nurses should try hard to ensure that these principles are fully implemented in nursing care. Palliative care can be further incorporated through good hospital practice with nurses spending more time with the patients and their families to discuss and plan care within a multidisciplinary team framework (4, p. 15). The nurses should pursue a partnership approach and make good use of open and honest communication with the patients, relatives and the health team. Such ideology is important in nursing philosophy of individualised care that embraces a holistic approach and active patient participation in care (9, p. 71). The nurses should reintegrate palliative care into the culture of the hospitals. This reintegration into the hospital culture will be helpful to the patients particularly those with terminal illnesses. This is very critical because nurses a re often at the forefront of general delivery of palliative care within the hospital. They are very well placed and should use their position to help uncover better ways of improving the quality of care to the patients and their families. Lastly, the nurses should receive palliative care education to ensure that they are equipped with the knowledge and management skills necessary for dealing with patients and their relatives as they have diverse personalities, cultures and beliefs. Conclusion Palliative care is very important to the patients and their families particularly those with terminal illnesses. This essay has explored the philosophy and principles of palliative care in nursing and has concluded by making recommendations on how hospitals can incorporate it within their cultures. For effective implementation of palliative care in nursing, the nurses need to be well educated on palliative care and how to conduct it in order to minimise misunderstands between them and the patients and their relatives. Proper implementation and execution of palliative care is important in improving the quality of lives of the patients and their families, especially those with terminal or potentially terminal illnesses. Therefore nurses should engage the patients and their relatives in all key decisions to ensure that they get as much information from them in time before the levels of stress get high. Such information is important and can be used in providing individualised care to the patients. References Aitken, Sandra. Community Palliative Care The Role of the Clinical Nurse Specialist. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. Bern-Klug, Mercedes. Transforming Palliative Care in Nursing Homes: The Social Work Role. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. Byrne, Judi. Palliative Care in Neurological Disease: A Team Approach. Oxford: Radcliffe Pub, 2009. Foyle, Lorna, and Janis Hostad. Illuminating the Diversity of Cancer and Palliative Care Education: Sharing Good Practice. Oxford: Radcliffe Pub, 2010. Lugton, Jean, and Rosemary McIntyre. Palliative Care: The Nursing Role. Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone, 2005. Matzo, Marianne, and Deborah Witt Sherman. Palliative Care Nursing: Quality Care to the End of Life. New York: Springer Pub. Co, 2010. Payne, Sheila, Jane Seymour, and Christine Ingleton. Palliative Care Nursing Principles and Evidence for Practice. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press, 2004. Payne, Sheila, Jane Seymour, and Christine Ingleton. Palliative Care Nursing: Principles and Evidence for Practice. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2008. Perrin, Kathleen Ouimet. Palliative Care Nursing: Caring for Suffering Patients. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2012. Pfund, Rita. Palliative Care Nursing of Children and Young People. Oxford: Radcliffe, 2007. Stevens, Elaine, Susan Jackson, and Stuart Milligan. Palliative Nursing Across the Spectrum of Care. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2009

Nursing Essay The Recommendations to Guide You through the Writing Process

Nursing Essay The Recommendations to Guide You through the Writing Process To begin with, nursing is one of the most challenging academic courses as it requires great commitment to complete it successfully. Although nursing is considered to be a practical profession, you have to possess the necessary skills to write essays to show your great awareness of the discipline. As such, a nursing essay distances you from the practical side of training and gives an opportunity to demonstrate an academic understanding of nursing practice. A field of nursing has a diverse scope of applications, including a wide range of functions, roles, and responsibilities that a Registered Nurse, Advanced Practice Nurse, and Midwife are educated to perform. Without a doubt, nursing is a difficult discipline for students who want to dedicate their lives to other people’s health and well-being. Thus, nursing essays provide learners with an opportunity to improve their skills, enhance their knowledge, and gain useful experience in the field. For writing a high-quality and informative nursing essay, you can use the following list of questions that will help you test your skills and become confident about the essay: Do you have sufficient knowledge about the basics of nursing practice? Are you aware of the essay topic? Can proposed reforms or initiatives be applied in practice? Can you connect the essay information with the most significant nursing theories? Can you provide the main arguments and draw appropriate conclusions? Which role can your work play in the field of nursing? What would you change if you had the second chance to write your nursing essay? Can you say that you are satisfied with the subsequent results? With this questions in mind, you should plan your writing process, paying attention to every detail. The provided list of questions will help you understand the instructor’s expectations about your essay. Before starting to write the essay, you should profoundly consider what topic you take, what arguments you use, and how you reveal the theme. You should remember that nursing essay must focus on the use of evidence-based medicine that will help make better decisions when it comes to providing care solutions to the patients. The next section of this document will guide you through the writing of an effective and valuable nursing essay. Choosing a Suitable Topic for a Nursing Essay Due to the complex nature of nursing practice, there is a broad range of topics you can choose from. However, your main goal is to produce a competitive and original topic that reveals different aspects of a particular disease, health reform, clinical practice, or global health issue. If your professor did not provide you with a specific topic, you should develop it on your own. To come up with a juicy topic, you should be: Critical. Do not allow your personal feelings or judgments to influence the topics you choose. Instead, be as objective as possible to choose a topic that provides a set of various aspects to reveal. Be unbiased when choosing a topic to receive rational results after all. For example, if you decide to write about benchmarking data for nursing productivity, do not refer to the best issues only. Instead, you should be impartial and attempt to reveal all possible influences of benchmarking data on nursing performance. Open-minded. Do not focus on a specific area of nursing practice since this field of study contains plenty of interesting and undisclosed healthcare issues, diseases, and reforms. Therefore, you should be open-minded and willing to consider various ideas while choosing an appropriate topic for a nursing essay. In particular, if you plan to write about the role of a nurse in clinical practice or the effect of continuous anxiety on nurses’ career, do not hurry up. Instead, consider other possible themes which would be much more interesting, valuable, and informative such as the medical risks in adolescent pregnancy. Culturally competent. Do not choose a topic that can harm other students or even professors from different cultural backgrounds. You should always pay attention to what you write and whether you approach a topic in a right way. For instance, if you intend to write about a global health issue such as AIDS, and you choose to reveal the devastating effect of LGBT communities on the AIDS incidence rate, choose another theme or formulate your topic according to the rules of Nursing Code of Ethics. Therefore, the topic may sound like the connection between unprotected intercourses and the growth of the AIDS incidence rate. As a result, if you are critical, open-minded, and culturally competent when choosing an essay topic, you are more likely to create a suitable theme for a discussion. The following list of themes will encourage you to organize your ideas and develop your own topic: Cultural Sensitivity in the Context of Advanced Nursing Practice; Effective Management of Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing; The Relationship Between the Patronage and Patience in Children Care; Simple Regression Analysis of Health-Care Settings; The Importance of Professional Status for Nurse Achievements; The Disturbing Growth of Infectious Diseases as a Global Health Issue; The Role of Informed Consent in Quantitative Research; Leadership and Nursing Practice; Palliative Care and Nursing Advocacy. The Main Aspects of Nursing Essay Writing To achieve good grades for your essay in the nursing course, you should take into account the main aspects of writing. That is why you should review the essential pillars of nursing essay writing before you reflect upon your theme. \ Evaluate Your Evidence Like a Pro In the process of writing, you should build your arguments and suggestions on practice-based evidence. For this purpose, it is important to evaluate this evidence because it can also be argued due to a lack of effectiveness or limited resources. Besides, the evidence consists of information which is authoritative and reliable since it is more than a simple point of view or someone’s prediction. Moreover, available evidence can be limited contradict other evidence. Furthermore, it is crucial to evaluate and make judgments about what you found. You can use different kinds of evidence for different purposes. In particular, evidence of how individuals endure a specific disease may tell you about patients’ feeling. However, it cannot inform you about what kind of care is the most appropriate in this situation. What is more important, statistical evidence may help you determine the particular effect of a given cause and decide how exactly the care should be arranged. Nevertheless, not every evidence originates from robust experiments, while some may be more powerful than the other. That is why you should determine a connection between evidence and practice before you use it in your essay. It is important to evaluate evidence well to understand its nature and decide whether it can serve your topic. You should be critical and make wise judgments concerning the authority, cohesion, and coherence of the available evidence. Understanding Types of Evidence Is a Must When writing a nursing essay, it is important to distinguish evidence that comes from research and experiments since various research designs influence the nature of evidence differently. Classifying evidence will help you organize the plan reflection and observation more carefully with regard to specific questions. When evidence is appropriately arranged, it is always easier to determine its purpose. It is important to mention that experiential evidence is of great importance for healthcare because it illustrates the analysis of case studies and associates them with risk management. You can use such evidence to analyze cases and clarify what went wrong or what was misinterpreted to avoid similar mistakes in your research. You should remember that the most reliable form of evidence you can use is the one found in your research. It is accurately produced since all inquiries are properly arranged, and great efforts are put to collect data which adhere to research questions. Research is designed to remove the risk of someone’s biased opinion by collecting sufficient data to make objective claims. While choosing evidence for a nursing essay, you should determine whether the work approaches a particular subject closely and intimately. You can create your statements and provide appropriate arguments only on the basis of authentic data. Never make claims that are unsupportable. Do the Evidence Judgments When you finally have different sorts of evidence, you have to judge its merits. The way that you judge evidence is linked to the research design directly. To establish the authority of the design, you should state whether the research is ethical, reliable, and valid. If it really is, you can count on the type of evidence. Plus, you should judge whether the research methods provide sufficient relevant information to meet the goal of the study and answer research questions. As such, it is essential to determine whether the design arrangements are ambiguous and clear to ensure the validity of the findings. Judging critical theory research is the most important part of the work with evidence because it entails establishing the completeness and truthfulness of the premises about the subject. The Ultimate Structure of a Nursing Essay When you have already chosen a suitable topic and selected a portion of evidence to use in your nursing essay, you should understand the final structure of the assignment. The nursing essay structure is similar to the works from the other disciplines. The introduction, the main body, and the conclusion are the skeleton of the essay and the foundation of any writing assignment. You should look through the following sections to understand the structure of your future nursing essay. Introduction The main goal of the introduction is to present your essay topic to the target audience and provide sufficient background information about the theme. In the introduction, you should give the rationale behind your paper and show its importance in the nursing field. In general, the introductory paragraph is designed to raise the reader’s interest in the topic and grab his/her attention. For this purpose, there is a need for a hook that can be in the form of questions, surprising statistical data, or quotes coming from the famous healthcare professionals. In addition, you should try to make your introduction concise but informative at the same time to provide a short review of your essay. The concluding sentence of your introduction will be the so-called thesis statement. It is the main part of any nursing essay that presents your position concerning the topic and provides a summary of the main points. Hence, it is essential that your thesis statement includes one sentence that will serve as a basis for your further argumentation. The thesis statement is considered effective if it answers the question of the essay directly and makes a claim that others may dispute. The following list includes examples of strong thesis statements: The shortage of nurses in the global healthcare system affects patients’ satisfaction, a level of mortality, and the quality of care. In this essay, the strong point is presented to advocate for the growth in nursing that will address patient complaints, family concerns, and enhance the completion of health programs. Amnesia is the most dangerous illness since it causes the loss of important memories, complicates the new information learning process, and forms false memories. The Main Body of a Nursing Essay Probably, this is the most significant part of your essay since the thesis statement does not work until it is justified using strong arguments. The main body of your nursing essay shows the consecutive development of your analysis. Thus, it is important to remember that each issue you would like to discuss should appear in a separate paragraph. Additionally, each paragraph should contain a topic sentence in which you present your opinion regarding the issue, evidence for support, discussion, and the concluding statements in which you clarify whether the subsequent analysis refuted or proved your argument. Don’t use any irrelevant information to meet the word count requirements because the quality of your work will significantly decrease. Strong Conclusion In this section, you should restate your thesis statement, summarize the main arguments revealed in the main body, and give further recommendations concerning the topic. You should frame your conclusion exceptionally to make your work more appealing to the reader. The main task of the conclusion in your nursing essay is to outline the results and all findings and reflect upon their significance in the field of nursing. The findings presented in the concluding segment should relate back to the position provided in the thesis statement. The conclusion can also be viewed as your last opportunity to convince the reader that your essay is strong, reliable, and valid. Only such an essay will earn you a good grade. You are not allowed to introduce new concepts or express new opinions in the conclusion since this part is completely based on the argumentation presented in the main body of the essay. You need to concentrate on the essential arguments of the essay and formulate the ultimate mea ning of your research. Proofreading and Editing Tips from Our Writers When you’re done with the writing part, it is time to check your work for different types of common mistakes. Proofreading is an important step in the entire writing process because the grammar, the punctuation, and the spelling mistakes can affect the clarity of your essay significantly. You are not allowed to use the first person â€Å"I† or â€Å"We† in your nursing essay since it will make your work informal and too personal. All kinds of statistics, statements, and ideas should be presented in a scholarly manner. Do not forget to cite any information that is not common knowledge to avoid plagiarism issues. Finally, take your time and examine your essay as thoroughly as possible. Pay attention to all figures, tables, or graphs that can be used in the nursing essay. Investigate whether your essay is readable and looks appealing to the reader. Check the consistency of your work and evaluate the effectiveness of your analysis. Make sure that all statements used in your nursing essay are meaningful and up to a point. Use this nursing essay writing guide to save up time and create an excellent nursing essay. References Academic Essay Writing. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.cdu.edu.au/sites/default/files/acike/docs/academic-essay-writing-%20resource.pdf Five Tips for Writing Your Nursing School Application Essay. (2018). Retrieved from https://nursingeducationexpert.com/five-tips-writing-nursing-school-application-essay/ Middleton, J. (2013). Clear writing: How to get top marks for your essays. Nursing Times. 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